PUBLICATION ETHICS
Clarity at every stage.
Authors, editors and reviewers share responsibility for an accurate and fair scholarly record. The following rules apply from submission onward.
Originality
Submitted work must be original, not simultaneously under consideration elsewhere, and must identify reused data, text or images with appropriate permission and citation.
Authorship
Every named author must have made a meaningful contribution, approved the submitted version and accepted accountability for the work.
Conflicts & funding
Financial, professional and personal interests that could influence the work must be disclosed, together with all relevant funding or material support.
Data & methods
Methods, sample selection, testing conditions and analytical choices should be described honestly. Fabricated or manipulated evidence is unacceptable.
Review
Reviewers must treat manuscripts confidentially, declare conflicts and assess the work rather than the author. Editors must record the basis of decisions.
Corrections
Material errors will be corrected visibly. Retraction or withdrawal may be used when the scholarly record cannot otherwise be made reliable.
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